改善当地村民出行条件的同时，重建人们与村落，自然之间的关系   by傅英斌

「我们现在修筑的，不是一座桥，而是两座桥。一座是物质上的桥，另一座是人与人之间的桥； 后者更加重要。」

We are not building one bridge, but two. One is the bridge of essence, the other is between the people and the second one is more important.

起因 | origin

项目位于贵州桐梓中关村，当地人的生活与一条河息息相关。贯通南北的河将村子划分为二，阻隔了东西两岸人们的正常联系与交往，架在河上的几根电线杆是人们赖以通行的唯一路径。由于地处山区，每年夏秋之交的丰水期雨量集中，导致河水上涨将这座桥淹没，渡河便成了一件艰难而危险的事情。因此，在此建桥，不仅是一件改善当地村民出行条件的迫切之事，还可以将桥作为纽带，重建人们与村落，自然之间的关系。

The project locates in Zhongguan village of Guizhou Tongzi. Local people’s life is closely related to a river which devides the village into two parts and elegraph poles hung up the river is the only way for people to go through. Because of the mountainous location, the poles get submerged by stream rising during the rain season every year. So building a bridge is urgent. We hope it can act as a bond to reestablish the relation between people, village and nature.

▽ 夜景照片，night view

▽ 建成照片，accomplishment

▽ 轴测图，axonometric drawing

▽ 项目区位，location /  原状照片，original form

设计 | design

桥墩与基础 | bridge piers and bases

村落地理位置偏僻，作为主要施工人员的村民们掌握的技术十分简陋，这也限制了设计的复杂程度。为了保证在下一个雨季前能够完成施工，让村民正常通行，建设周期须尽可能的缩短，各种条件导致高技术含量的桥梁施工在此很难实现。因此，需要借助一种简便且稳定的材料及施工方式，我们选用了在水利工程里常见的石笼网箱工艺，经过特殊处理的高强度镀锌钢丝经过PVC防腐包覆加工后编织成网箱，装填石料后经过绑扎即成石笼网箱，其特有的柔性结构使之既牢固稳定耐冲刷，而且可以抵御一定程度的沉降和形变，施工简便，造价低廉，无需机械，非常适合在山区等技术设备受限的场地施工。为保证足够的桥墩重力并减小迎水面所受的冲击，桥墩采用船体形式，面宽1m，顺水纵深4m。放置网箱前预先平整河床，浇筑混凝土基础。

The technology those villagers who work as the main constructors master and the project time limit the complexity of design. A simple and stable way of construction is needed here. So we chose to use the stone cage commonly seen in water conservancy projects. After coating PVC anti-corrosion on special processed high strength galvanized steel wire woven, the container is filled with stones and tied into a cage. Its unique flexible structure is both scour and sinking deformation resistant. Simple construction, low cost, and no machinery make it suitable for limited space construction in a mountainous area. In order to ensure enough gravity for piers and reduce the impact of stream, we build the piers in hull form of 1m width and 4m depth. We also put forward flat bed in advance before pouring the concrete foundations.

▽ 石笼照片，stone cages

一段时间后河水中的泥沙及悬浮物会沉积于网箱石缝之中，慢慢成长出植物，使之与自然融为一体。

After a period of time, suspended solids will silt up in gaps and plants will grow. That will make the bridge become integrated into nature.

▽ 石笼做法，construction of the stone cages / 石笼堆筑成桥墩，construction of the bridge piers

桥面 | bridge deck

三跨的人行桥的桥面为钢结构，总共三段，每段分开焊接制作，通过螺栓连接。电焊工是在中国任何城乡都可以找到的成熟技术工种。易于购买的规格钢材和成熟的制作技术使桥面可以在现场短时间加工完成。作为人行桥，我们希望过桥的同时能够有丰富的体验，选取一种可以看到河水的的通透材料作为桥面材料，在经过多番选择比较后，最后选定使用钢跳板作为桥面，用于脚手架的钢跳板是一种被广泛应用的成品材料。跳板经过整体镀锌后极为耐腐耐压，作为桥梁使用和磨损程度最高的桥面来说最合适不过，而且钢跳板面层为高强度的镀锌钢网，满足桥面的通透需求，行人可以透过桥面看到河水。为了方便女士，在桥面上还铺设了一条60公分宽的钢板带，女士过桥也不必担心高跟鞋被卡住的问题。The steel-structure bridge deck is three-span, and each one is welded separately with bolt connection. The welder is a mature technical type found in all urban and rural areas in China. The advantages of stationary specification and mature production technology can cut down the time of construction. We hope to enrich the experiences of people going through by some transparent deck material. After multiple comparison, the steel springboard, which is widely used as scaffolding, is selected. The galvanized steel board offers resistance against friction, pressure and corrosion and also meet the need of penetration. There is a 60cm-wide steel belt put on the deck for women wearing high heels to walk on.

▽ 桥体结构，bridge structure

灯杆扶手 | light poles and handrails

桥身和桥面充满工业感的冷峻钢材难免少了一丝亲切，为了与环境形成良好呼应，灯杆和扶手秉承就地取材的原则，选用道地的乡间材料——竹子，内部通体打穿并埋入照明线路。高高耸立的灯杆与河中绵延的芦苇荡遥相呼应，让桥与自然融为一体。夜幕降临后亮起的竹灯杆，仿佛在寂静山野中点亮的盏盏蜡烛，为山村平添一笔诗意。The industrial steel structure of bridge make it unkind. So we chose the local material bamboo to make the light poles and handrails. Bamboos are pierced to put in lighting wires. The towering light poles and wild reeds along the river make the bridge and nature be an organic whole. After nightfall, these light poles add some poetry to the village like candles lit in the quiet mountains.

▽ 竹灯杆加工过程，processing the light poles / 灯杆安装，installing the light poles

▽ 立面图，elevation

营造 | construction

建设的过程是设计师与村民相互依赖相互协作的过程。自古以来筑桥修路在乡村都是一件累积功德造福子孙的大事，古时村民们甚至要在建好的桥边立上一块功德碑以表感激。村里的男人们负担起填运石料，搬放钢架的重活。上梁要请最有威望的老人特意选定好时辰，几乎全村百姓都来到了现场观看，一番仪式后，全村青壮年一同上阵抬梁，梁板安放到位后鞭炮声响彻山谷。这座完全由村民亲手共建的桥，将全村的人联结起来，亦让人们重拾起对家乡和土地的深厚情感。Construction is the process of interdependence and collaboration between designers and villagers. Building a bridge or a road is a cumulative deeds benefiting later generations since ancient times and villagers even set up a monument for gratitude beside the bridge. Men in the village took the responsibility of carrying stones and steels on their own. Time to put up the frame was selected by the most reputable old man in the village. After ceremony, the sound of firecrackers echoed through the valley. The bridge built by villagers with their own hands not only links all the local people, but also let them pick up the deep emotion of home and land.

▽ 村民一起抬钢梁，villagers are carrying the steel frame / 钢梁安装，putting up the frame / 上梁时现场照片，putting up the frame

结语 | conclusion

完工后的步行桥成为了小山村的地标。朴素而和谐。筑桥，本是普普通通的营造，却在乡间重新焕发了新的活力。孩子们兴奋好奇的打量脚下的钢板，在桥上奔跑踩出响声，年轻的情侣倚着栏杆互诉衷肠，古稀老人也在蹒跚经过时感叹一番如今的便捷安稳。清晨和傍晚，村民们自发来到这里赏景闲聊。它不仅解决了交通问题，也成了新的公共空间和交流场所。

无论横跨的河流是细小或宽阔，桥的重生为整个乡村注入了新的活力。我们相信，筑桥的意义不止于完成桥的本身，更多的，是连接两岸人与人的关系，并让这纽带在时间的长河里历久长存。

The accomplished bridge becomes a landmark with its pure and harmony. Constructing a bridge is common, but it glows the new vitality in the village. The children run on the bridge with excited curious, young couple relate to each other leaning on the railing and even the old exclaim the convenience and safety when they go by. Day and night, villagers come here to enjoy the scenery and chat together. The bridge not only solve the traffic problem, but also become a new public and communion site. Regardless of the width of the river, we believe building the bridge has more significance than complete it. It’s the connection between people of both banks and the tie will last forever in the long time river.

▽ 桥上奔跑的儿童，children running on the bridge

▽ 桥头空间，the space of bridgehead

▽ 在桥墩上读书，reading on the bridge pier