美国路易斯大道景观

发表于2014-10-11     4053人浏览     16人跟帖     总热度:685  

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Louis road landscape in the United States

位置:美国

分类:道路

内容:实景照片

图片:9张

美国路易斯大道景观第1张图片

在拉斯维加斯这个充满幻想的城市里,路易斯大道的设计初衷是为了庆祝沙漠景观的建成,同时也是为了将此条街道作为工作区。作为拉斯维加斯2000个市中心百年纪念计划的一部分,该项目也是第一个被奥斯卡市市长称赞的项目。

路易斯大道临近新开发的克拉克郡。这个城市的发展目标是通过在办公核心区建立路易斯大道,使这里成为整个地区的社会中心,从而为社会再发展创造条件。这条街道的环境很差,因此设计者在进行设计时遇到了许多挑战。

在进行树和水的设计时,经过一番讨论之后,设计者们最终决定在街道两侧都种植上白蜡树,在整个街道上方形成一个巨大的华盖。水的设计,则采用了既节约又易让人产生共鸣的理念。利用地形东西斜坡的优势,引附近法院喷泉里边的水流入。同时,为了确保树的存活,设计者们选用了水槽和一些新的灌溉技术,并对土壤进行了一些改良。通过对每一处细节的精心把关,使得整个地区成为了一幅美丽的街景画。

译者:柒柒

In city renown for fantasy, the design of Las Vegas’ Lewis Avenue celebrates the local desert landscape and affirms the street as part of a real-world working district. It was one of the first projects to be implemented in Mayor Oscar B. Goodman’s 2000 Las Vegas Downtown Centennial Plan, aimed at revitalizing the historic downtown core. The City asked SWA, already engaged in two major projects on Lewis Avenue, to design the entire three-block corridor between Casino Center and Las Vegas Boulevards.

Identified in the Centennial Plan as the primary east-west pedestrian corridor for the downtown office district, Lewis Avenue links the newly expanded Clark County Detention Center with the new federal courthouse. The city’s goal was to have Lewis Avenue anchor the office core and create a social center for the district, setting the stage for continued redevelopment. Transforming Lewis Avenue posed major challenges. The street was a harsh and uninviting environment, dominated by an over-scaled, four-lane roadway, with narrow sidewalks that offered no shade from the intense desert sun. Surface parking filled the street right-of-way in the block furthest to the east, making it impossible to walk from one courthouse to the other. Forging connections along the corridor and to the larger downtown district was the underlying impetus for the design. From the outset, SWA worked closely with the Las Vegas Department of Planning and Development and held public workshops with stakeholder groups to ensure that the urban design concepts established in the Centennial Plan were carried though in the corridor’s detailed design. SWA’s initial concept for the corridor was a green framework of trees and plazas unifying the street and linking significant public buildings, Early key decisions lay the groundwork for a generous pedestrian environment. The design team determined that two of the street’s four traffic lanes could be removed, freeing space to create broad, 20-foot-wide sidewalks with room to plant double rows of trees. Further investigation revealed that the easternmost block had never been part of the street system and, consequently, had none of the typical underground constraints. That, along with the site’s proximity to the federal courthouse and historic Fifth Street School slated for mixed-use redevelopment, made it an ideal location for a plaza. The city secured a permanent landscape easement and negotiated the removal of surface parking from the street right-of-way. Within this framework, SWA searched for a design expression that would distinguish Lewis Avenue as a working street. The immediate urban context as well as the rugged natural beauty of the surrounding desert influenced the form and imagery as the concept took shape. Trees and water were used to create an urban oasis—a magnet to the many office workers, attorneys, jurors, judges, and others who daily populate the district. Taking cues from the Fremont Experience three blocks to the north, where a high-tech canopy arches over the historic downtown casinos, Lewis Avenue uses a “living” canopy to unite and shade the street.

Double rows of ash trees line both sides, giving the corridor a gracious urbanity and comfortable pedestrian scale. Trees are also used to announce major buildings, such as a grove of palms at the Regional Justice Center that extends the entry pavilion onto the street. Responsive to the desert climate, the design uses water sparingly and evocatively. The plaza takes its form from a desert wash—an irregular channel cut into the land by the flow of water from sudden heavy rains. The “source”—and inspiration—for the wash is a fountain located ten feet above the street level at the front door of the new federal courthouse. To reinforce the perception that the water flows from the courthouse fountain, the wash slopes east to west against the natural contours, providing a more dramatic drop in grade. Suggesting the carved surface of the desert, the plaza is set two feet below street level, as though the urban surface had been stripped away to reveal the underlying landform. The cobble-lined stream meanders, evolving from a more organic form to a series of narrow channels and a pool that disappear below Fourth Street. The textured quality of the wash, with its cobbles and fractured rock, contrasts with the smooth, simple concrete walks and over-scaled walls and stairs that offer seating along the plaza’s edge. Within the wash, native arroyo plants are used in a dappled pattern reminiscent of the mesquite and coyote bush that naturally dot the desert landscape. The concept of formal tree rows and a rough-hewn desert wash-which together would draw people into their shade and intricate spaces-was embraced by planning staff, the Arts Commission, city council, and other stakeholders. The mayor, in his enthusiasm for the design, found additional funds for the wash, which for budgetary reasons had been conceived originally as a dry riverbed, with only intermittent water With schematic design approved, SWA spent the next six months refining and testing initial concepts against the realities of site  and budget. Since shade was critical in the desert climate, trees were given primary focus. To ensure their health and vigor, SWA designed a continuous trough filled with structural soil that is drained and aerated, allowing roots to spread and irrigation water to saturate the entire trough. Similarly with the wash, SWA worked out the subtle changes in grade needed to achieve varied effects as the water moves along its length. During this phase, the Arts Commission and SWA crystallized the concept for Poet’s Bridge. Etched with the prose and poetry of Las Vegas writers, it floats above the wash. Even though a bridge had been part of the schematic design, only at this stage did it become a piece of art. Located between the two courthouses—the realm of words and oratory the bridge is conceived as a platform, a kind of Speaker’s Corner. This final stage of the process brought the design concept to fruition. SWA’s contract now was administered by the Public Works Department. Given the integrated treatment of the street right-of-way, SWA took the lead, overseeing the civil engineer and other consultants. The extensive use of concrete, both for economy and contrast with the cobbled wash, required subtle detailing. The funding source for the project required a compressed schedule of only 12 months for documentation and construction, with a budget of $1.8 million. Within these limitations and the constraints of place, SWA focused resources where they counted most—creating a lush tree canopy and featuring water only sparingly and in keeping with the desert climate. The concept for Lewis Avenue that was established in schematic design remained essentially intact. The result is a unique streetscape that has breathed new life into the district.

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 发表于2014-10-13   |  只看该作者      

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