[分享]杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系

发表于2018-12-28     761人浏览     0人跟帖     总热度:225  

冷暖度

建筑空间的“冷暖度”可分为物理层面和现象层面。

从物理层面来讲,建筑空间本无温度的意义,因为它等同于气温。但借由人的触感,材料的导热能力和质感使人产生了“冷”和“暖”的主观感受,从而形成对特定材料的共同潜意识温度感知力。因此,即使没有与建筑直接接触,仅从视觉上,它的温度感也会应运而生。这种因材料本身引起的对于冷暖的感知便是其物理性的冷暖度。

The "cold and warm degree" of an architectural space can be divided into the physical level and the phenomenon level.Physically speaking, it’s meaningless to discuss the temperature of a building as it is equivalent to the temperature of the environment. But by the sense of touch, the thermal conductivity and texture of the material, the subjective feelings of "cold" and "warm" are produced, thus forming a common subconscious temperature perception of a particular material. Therefore, even if there is no direct contact with the building, only from the visual, sense of its temperature has emerged. This perception of warmth and cold of the material itself is its physical temperature.

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_1

冷暖厅-唐徐国

另一方面,在塑造空间的过程中,对于任何类型的材料,均存在如何支撑和覆盖的结构问题。材料受运输和加工过程中的尺寸限制,建筑师将面临一个基本的力学问题:材料如何相互连接?

当我们感知帕提农神庙的静默和佛光寺大殿温润的庄重,它们都通过材料和杆件搭接方式互相配合来实现空间温度的塑造。这就是现象层面的“冷暖度”。

On the other hand, there are structural questions as how to support and cover, for any kind of material in the process of shaping the space. Limited by the size of the materials during transportation and processing, architects will be faced with a basic mechanical question: how materials connect with each other?

When we perceive the stillness of Parthenon and the lukewarm gravity of Fo Guang temple, we perceive these feelings through their conjunctions of materials. They both achieve the shaping of space temperature by means of materials and rods cooperating with each other. This is the phenomenon level of "temperature".

冷暖厅-赵奕龙

建筑材料取自于自然,由自然之力形成。组合交接的方式暗示着人类劳动之力,比例隐含着材料力学属性的能量,则光线实现了空间的凝固。在现代建筑中,结构通常被消极地隐藏在墙体和楼板中,但结构本身恰恰是一种自然力和人力的微妙联系。

The building materials are taken from nature and formed by the forces of nature. The way of combination and intersection implies the force of human labor, the proportion implies the energy of the material mechanics, and the light realizes the solidification of space. In modern architecture, the structure is often hidden passively into walls and slabs, but the structure itself is precisely a delicate connection between natural forces and manpower.

冷亭正立面-赵奕龙

冷结构

与木质的温暖不同,“金属”给人冰冷感。从巴黎世博会机械馆的柱脚到柏林美术馆的柱头,金属因其强大的力学性能,改变了木石砖需要靠数量叠加才能获得的结构强度。

Unlike the warmth of wood, "metal”feels cold. From the pillars of the machinery pavilion at the Paris World Expo to the pillars of the Berlin Art Museum, metal, with its powerful mechanical properties, has changed the rule created by wood and bricks that greater the number, stronger the structure.

冷亭透视-赵奕龙

金属材料用于产生大量奇妙的结构形式,但金属通常会产生冰冷气氛,产生一种排斥力。如果暖结构是一种引力关系,那么冷结构就是一种疏离感。

Metal materials are used to produce a great deal of marvelous forms of structure, but the metal often creates a cold atmosphere, forming force of alienation. If the warm structure shows a gravitational relationship, the cold structure shows a sense of estrangement.

冷亭外-赵奕龙

冷亭采用钢结构;其杆件在市场上最易获得。希望梁,柱和板之间保持一种排斥力,甚至两根中柱会直接穿过楼板支撑屋顶,这样柱子就不会与楼板重叠,从而产生某种脱离。更重要的是,柱子从水面出来,跟水面这种无形之物也排斥开来。

Cold pavilion uses steel structure; whose materials are most easily available in the market. It is hoped that the beams, columns and slabs will retain a force of alienation, and even the two middle columns will directly penetrate through the floor to support the roof, so that the columns will have no overlap with the floor, resulting in some kind of separation. What's more, the pillars come out through the surface of the water, forming the same force of alienation even from the invisible thing like water.

冷亭穿透-赵奕龙

在冷亭中,结构矗立在冰冷的空气中,檐柱又同基座以一种吊脚柱的方式脱离开来,强化了这种斥力的存在。在整个空间中,“冰冷”的隐匿之力在重力与人力间的较劲中充盈其中。

In the cold pavilion, the structure stands in the icy air, and the eaves are separated from the base in the form of a kind of gondola column, strengthening this force of alienation. In the entire space, the hidden power of the “cold”is filled within everywhere by battles between gravity and human force. 

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_2

冷亭内部--唐徐国

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_3

冷亭内部看山--唐徐国

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_4

冷亭泳池-唐徐国

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_5

冷亭泳池-赵奕龙

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_6

冷亭泳池-唐徐国

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_7

冷亭泳池-唐徐国

冷亭泳池-唐徐国

冷亭泳池-唐徐国

暖亭正面-赵奕龙

暖结构

暖亭由最常见的木材制成,给人一种温暖感,它是自然力随时间累积的材料。中国人积累了大量的木作技术,并将其发展成为一套内涵丰富的文化体系。虽然从现代数学和物理学的观点角度来看,其材料的结构效率不高,但中国传统木构体系的审美和志趣都蕴含极高的艺术价值。

Warm Structure

Warm pavilions are made from the most common wood, which gives people a sense of warmth and it is a material that natural forces accumulate over time. The Chinese accumulated a great deal of woodwork techniques and developed them into a rich cultural system. Although viewed from modern mathematics and physics, the structural efficiency of the materials is unsatisfactory, the traditional Chinese wood construction system contains very high aesthetic and artistic value. 

暖亭正面-赵奕龙

因取材自然,造屋往往大料难得,因此用小料搭建大屋是民间造屋的现实问题无法避免。在中国南方大部分地区,“穿斗式”屋架方式是一种简洁有效的解决方案。材料密集排列,柱子和梁直接暴露在空间中。历经数代木料搭接演进产生的木构文化,已让我们对木头这种材料产生一种潜移默化的“木有引力”。

Large natural materials are difficult to obtain therefore building large houses with limited small materials is a practical problem that cannot be avoided. In most parts of southern China, “ChuanDou” Style of roof trusses is a simple and effective solution. The materials are arranged densely, and the columns and beams are directly exposed in the space. After several generations of development, the so-called “wood structure culture”we have today has led us to believe in the power of “wood gravity”.

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_8

暖亭正面-赵奕龙

木结构,梁柱不独立,总是组合出现形成一种抱团簇拥之感。绝大多数的木料经常表现出人力的强大,甚至上升为文化等级观念(斗拱)。木料堆积常出现在目所能及而手不可及之处,而且远远超出了结构支撑的理性意义。古人常用这种杆件抱团堆积而产生的气场来表达权力或者财力,文人则常用这种杆件的变化来表达某种审美的情志。

Wood structure, beams and columns are not independent, they often appear in combination forming a sense of collectivity. The overwhelming number of wood material often demonstrates the strength of manpower, or even rises to the concept of cultural hierarchy (Dougong). This accumulation of wood often appears in places where you cannot reach, and it has been far beyond the rational significance of structural support. The ancients often used this kind of pole to express power or financial resources, while the literati often used the change of the bar to express a certain aesthetic sentiment.

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_9

暖亭南立面-唐徐国

暖亭用最简化的木料搭接的方式,正交卧搭,多次转换,将平面结构体系转换为坡屋顶檩椽体系。整个木杆件无草架明柎之分。符合当代建筑学所追求的建构之风。

因结构转接的叠加,木梁呈现出抱团之感,透过天窗穿过光线,整个空间变得安逸舒适。

Warm Pavilion, with a most simplified way of conjunction, orthogonal connecting and several conversions, stands there as an example of transferring plane structure system into sloping roof purlin rafter system. The entire wood pole piece, without anyextra decorative structure, is consistent with what contemporary architecture pursuits in terms of structure.

Because of the superposition of the structure, the wood beams present the feeling of collectivity. Shed by the light through the sky windows, the entire space is as warm as the summer air.

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_10

暖亭透视-唐徐国

散柱式,空间再平面上具有“十”字型二向性,因此四根散柱布置具有稳定作用,散柱的方式模糊了柱的比例关系。让柱子从一根变为四根,增加了结构在空间中的视觉权重。

Scattered column type, when seen in plan, shows the characteristics like “crossing roads”with its bidirectional nature. Therefore four-column-layout has a stable effect, and scattered-columns layout blurred the proportion relationship of columns. By changing the number of columns from one to four, the visual effect of the structure in space is enhanced.

暖亭望远-唐徐国

暖亭室内-唐徐国

暖亭室内-唐徐国

暖亭木构-唐徐国

暖亭木构-唐徐国

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_11

暖亭局部-唐徐国

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_12

暖亭内-赵奕龙

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_13

暖亭内-赵奕龙

冷与暖不仅是物理特性,也是一种现象的感知,它不以空气的温度为计,而是以空间的气韵让人冷暖自知。

Cold and warmth, is not only physical properties but also a perception towards the overall surroundings. Its not measured by the temperature but felt by the spirit and rhyme within the space.

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_14

总平面-01

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咖啡厅平面

咖啡厅立面

咖啡厅-剖透视

咖啡厅-大样详图

咖啡厅-分析图

咖啡厅-分析图

咖啡厅-分析图

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_16温泉房平面图

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_17

温泉房负一平面图

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_18

温泉房-立面

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_19

温泉房-剖透视

杭州冷亭与暖亭:一种自然力和人的微妙联系_20

温泉房-大样详图

建筑师:SU Architects  素建筑设计事务所

地点:杭州,浙江,中国

主建筑师:马科元

设计团队:郭少珣,朱松 

占地面积:100平方米   建筑面积:150平方米

年份:2016

摄影:唐徐国,赵奕龙



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